EP-0136

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UPS Plus

Descriptions

UPS Plus is a new generation of UPS power management module.

Features

  • Easy to install
  • Enhanced power management
  • Remote OTA firmware upgrade
  • Programmable BACK-TO-AC auto power up
  • Programmable sample period
  • I2C communication
  • Standalone RTC
  • Support stacked battery design

Specifications

  • Current/voltage monitoring of Raspberry Pi power supply port.
  • Battery terminal current/voltage monitoring, supports two-way monitoring of charge and discharge.
  • Independent RTC function.
  • OTA function (supports forced upgrade mode and active upgrade mode).
  • Power estimation
Note: At least one full charge and discharge cycle must be completed!)
  • Adjustable sampling period.
  • Support FCP, AFC, SFCP fast charge protocol.
  • Support BC1.2 charging protocol.
  • Battery temperature monitoring
Note: the forced temperature protection cannot be turned off, threshold: 65 degrees!
  • Programmable Power Voltage Detector(PVD) function, Default value: 3.6V
  • Incoming call self-start function.
  • Power down memory function.
  • Programmable shutdown / forced restart.
  • Running time statistics
  • Electrostatic protection.
  • Linear compensation range discharge capacity: 5V 4.5A.
  • Non-linear compensation range discharge capacity: 5V 8A.
  • Charging capacity 4.5V 5A/5V 2.5A/9V 2A/12V 1.5A.
  • Stacked battery design
NOTE: Stacked power board need to be special accessories.Can not support None official accessories.
  • Use I2C communication without occupying additional ports.
  • Support 4.2V 4.35V 4.4V 4.5V lithium battery
Note: Different types of batteries cannot be mixed!
  • After-sales data telemetry.

Register Mapping

USB Plus V5.0 Register Mapping Chart

  • 0x17 - Operation Mode
Address Function Range Unit
0x01 - 0x02 Voltage of UPS's MCU 2400 - 3600 mV
0x03 - 0x04 Voltage of Pogopin's Bottom 0 - 5500 mV
0x05 - 0x06 Voltage of Batteries' Terminal 0 - 4500 mV
0x07 - 0x08 Voltage of USB-C Charging Port 0 - 13500 mV
0x09 - 0x0A Voltage of MicroUSB Charging Port 0 - 13500 mV
0x0B - 0x0C Batteries Temperature -20 - 65
0x0D - 0x0E Full Voltage 0 - 4500 mV
0x0F - 0x10 Empty Voltage 0 - 4500 mV
0x11 - 0x12 Protection Voltage 0 - 4500 mV
0x13 - 0x14 Battery Remaining 0 - 100 %
0x15 - 0x16 Sample Period 1 - 1440 Min
0x17 Power Status/Operation Mode 0/1 Bool
0x18 Shutdown Countdown 0/1 - 255 Bool/Sec
0x19 Back-To-AC Auto Power up 0/1 Bool
0x1A Restart Countdown 0/1 - 255 Bool/Sec
0x1B Reset to Factory Defaults 0/1 Bool
0x1C - 0x1F Cumulative Running Time 0 - 2147483647 Sec
0x20 - 0x23 Accumulated Charging Time 0 - 2147483647 Sec
0x24 - 0x27 Running Time 0 - 2147483647 Sec
0x28 - 0x29 Version 1 Fixed
0x2A - 0xEF [Reserved] NA NA
0xF0 - 0xFB Serial Number Device UID Fixed
0xFC - 0xFF Factory Testing NA NA
  • 0x18 - OTA Firmware Upgrade Mode
Address Function
0x01 - 0x10 Encrypted buffer
0x11 - 0xEF [Reserved]
0xF0 - 0xFB Serial Number
0xFC - 0xFF Factory Test

Gallery

PCB Drawing

Function Area Display

How To Assemble

How To Use

Automatic Shutdown Protection

  • Download the latest Raspbian OS image from: [ https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/operating-systems/ ]
  • Unzip it and flash it to MicroSD card(TF card) with Etcher imaging tool. [ https://www.balena.io/etcher/ ]
  • Follow the installation method to assemble the Raspberry Pi and UPS Plus.
  • After booting up and make sure Raspberry Pi can access internet.
  • Open a terminal by press "Ctrl+ALT+T" or just click terminal icon on the task bar.
curl -Lso- https://git.io/JLygb

or

curl -Lso- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/geeekpi/upsplus/main/install.sh | bash
  • When encountering low battery, it will automatically shut down and turn off the UPS and it will restart when AC power comes.

How To Update UPS Firmware via OTA

  • Enter the OTA firmware upgrade mode:

Method 1

NOTE: Do not power off or disconnect the network during the upgrade process. If the upgrade fails, the UPS Pro will not work normally.

  • Power off the Raspberry Pi.
  • Cut off the external charging power (MicroUSB and USB-C)
  • Take out all the batteries.
  • Press and hold the UPS Pro switch key and insert the battery into the battery compartment.

At this time, the device will be forced to enter OTA mode.

The function of the switch button will no longer be available at this time.

The Raspberry Pi will be running and please execute the following python script in the system terminal to complete the upgrade.

  • Create a new file named: "OTA.py" via this command:
nano OTA.py


  • Copy following code into this file:
import os
import time
import json
import smbus
import requests

# Enter OTA method
#   Step 1) i2cset -y 1 0x17 50 127 b
#   Step 2) Shut down the Raspberry Pi normally, unplug all power/batteries, and reinstall.

DEVICE_BUS = 1
DEVICE_ADDR = 0x18
UPDATE_URL = "https://api.thekoziolfoundation.com/update"

bus = smbus.SMBus(DEVICE_BUS)
aReceiveBuf = []
for i in range(240,252):
    aReceiveBuf.append(bus.read_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDR, i))

UID0 = "%08X" % (aReceiveBuf[3] << 24 | aReceiveBuf[2] << 16 | aReceiveBuf[1] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[0]) 
UID1 = "%08X" % (aReceiveBuf[7] << 24 | aReceiveBuf[6] << 16 | aReceiveBuf[5] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[4]) 
UID2 = "%08X" % (aReceiveBuf[11] << 24 | aReceiveBuf[10] << 16 | aReceiveBuf[9] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[8])

r = requests.post(UPDATE_URL, data={"UID0":UID0,"UID1":UID1,"UID2":UID2})
r = json.loads(r.text)
if r['code'] != 0:
    print('Firmware acquisition failed, reason:' + r['reason'])
    exit(r['code'])
else:
    print('The firmware is successfully obtained, and the firmware is being downloaded and updated.')
    req = requests.get(r['url'])
    f = open("/tmp/firmware.bin", "wb")
    f.write(req.content)
    print("Get the firmware successfully!")

    print('The firmware starts to be upgraded, please keep the power on, interruption in the middle will cause unrecoverable failure of the UPS!')
    with open('/tmp/firmware.bin','rb') as f:
        while True:
            data = f.read(16)        
            for i in range(len(list(data))):
                bus.write_byte_data(0x18, i + 1,data[i])
            bus.write_byte_data(0x18,50,250)
            time.sleep(0.1)
            print('.',end='',flush=True)

            if len(list(data)) == 0:
                bus.write_byte_data(0x18,50,0)
                print('.',flush=True)
                print('The firmware upgrade is complete, please disconnect all power/batteries and reinstall to use the new firmware.')
                os.system("sudo halt")
                while True:
                    time.sleep(10)


  • Save it by pressing `CTRL+X` and pressing 'Y'.
  • Execute it:
python3 OTA.py

The first time it runs, it may prompt that the device is not registered.If it is a legal device, just wait a few seconds and try again.

  • UPS Pro Will be turned off after upgrading, Please unplug the power supply, remove the batteries from UPS Pro.
  • Insert the batteries back to UPS Pro and then connect power supply and turn it on by press power switch.

Method 2

  • Open a terminal and typing:
i2cset -y 1 0x17 50 127 b
  • Shutdown Raspberry Pi and remove all batteries and power supply.
  • Insert batteries back into the battery slot.
  • Execute OTA.py python script.
  • UPS Pro Will be turned off after upgrading, Please unplug the power supply, remove the batteries from UPS Pro.
  • Insert the batteries back to UPS Pro and then connect power supply and turn it on by press power switch.

How To Enable Auto-Shutdown Protection Function

How To Collect Data

  • Data Collection

Data collection will only collect information on abnormal voltage changes and battery charging and discharging status during equipment operation through UPS in order to provide better after-sales service, and will not collect your private information.
Please rest assured that every UPS we sell will Have a unique serial number so that we can provide battery quality analysis and feedback.
It submits your UPS Pro operating status information to the server provided by us through a python script.
1. Create a directory:

mkdir ~/bin


2. Create python script files: upsplus.py and upsplus_iot.py

    • code of upsplus.py
import os
import time
import smbus2
import logging
from ina219 import INA219,DeviceRangeError


# Define I2C bus
DEVICE_BUS = 1

# Define device i2c slave address.
DEVICE_ADDR = 0x17

# Set the threshold of UPS automatic power-off to prevent damage caused by battery over-discharge, unit: mV.
PROTECT_VOLT = 3700

# Set the sample period, Unit: min default: 2 min.
SAMPLE_TIME = 2

# Instance INA219 and getting information from it.
ina = INA219(0.00725, address=0x40)
ina.configure()
print("-"*60)
print("------Current information of the detected Raspberry Pi------")
print("-"*60)
print("Raspberry Pi Supply Voltage: %.3f V" % ina.voltage())
print("Raspberry Pi Current Current Consumption: %.3f V" % ina.current())
print("Raspberry Pi Current Power Consumption: %.3f V" % ina.current())
print("-"*60)

# Batteries information
ina = INA219(0.005, address=0x45)
ina.configure()
print("-------------------Batteries information-------------------")
print("-"*60)
print("Voltage of Batteries: %.3f V" % ina.voltage())
try:
    if ina.current() > 0:
        print("Battery Current (Charging) Rate: %.3f mA"% (ina.current()))
        print("Current Battery Power Supplement: %.3f mW"% ina.power())
    else:
        print("Battery Current (discharge) Rate: %.3f mA"% (0-ina.current()))
        print("Current Battery Power Consumption: %.3f mW"% ina.power())
        print("-"*60)
except DeviceRangeError:
     print("-"*60)
     print('Battery power is too high.')

# Raspberry Pi Communicates with MCU via i2c protocol.
bus = smbus2.SMBus(DEVICE_BUS)

aReceiveBuf = []
aReceiveBuf.append(0x00)

# Read register and add the data to the list: aReceiveBuf
for i in range(1, 255):
    aReceiveBuf.append(bus.read_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDR, i))

# Enable Back-to-AC fucntion.
# Enable: write 1 to register 0x25
# Disable: write 0 to register 0x25

bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDR, 25, 1)

# Reset Protect voltage
bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDR, 17, PROTECT_VOLT & 0xFF)
bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDR, 18, (PROTECT_VOLT >> 8)& 0xFF)
print("Successfully set the protection voltage to: %d mV" % PROTECT_VOLT)

if (aReceiveBuf[8] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[7]) > 4000:
    print('-'*60)
    print('Currently charging via Type C Port.')
elif (aReceiveBuf[10] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[9])> 4000:
    print('-'*60)
    print('Currently charging via Micro USB Port.')
else:
    print('-'*60)
    print('Currently not charging.')
# Consider shutting down to save data or send notifications
    if ina.voltage() < (PROTECT_VOLT + 200):
        print('-'*60)
        print('The battery is going to dead! Ready to shut down!')
# It will cut off power when initialized shutdown sequence.
        bus.write_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDR, 24,240)
        os.system("sudo sync && sudo halt")
        while True:
            time.sleep(10)
    • code of upsplus_iot.py # This is Data collection code.
import time
import smbus
import requests
from ina219 import INA219,DeviceRangeError


DEVICE_BUS = 1
DEVICE_ADDR = 0x17
PROTECT_VOLT = 3700
SAMPLE_TIME = 2
FEED_URL = "https://api.thekoziolfoundation.com/feed"

DATA = dict()

ina = INA219(0.00725,address=0x40)
ina.configure()
DATA['PiVccVolt'] = ina.voltage()
DATA['PiIddAmps'] = ina.current()

ina = INA219(0.005,address=0x45)
ina.configure()
DATA['BatVccVolt'] = ina.voltage()
try:
    DATA['BatIddAmps'] = ina.current()
except DeviceRangeError:
    DATA['BatIddAmps'] = 16000

bus = smbus.SMBus(DEVICE_BUS)

aReceiveBuf = []
aReceiveBuf.append(0x00)  

for i in range(1,255):
    aReceiveBuf.append(bus.read_byte_data(DEVICE_ADDR, i))

DATA['McuVccVolt'] = aReceiveBuf[2] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[1]
DATA['BatPinCVolt'] = aReceiveBuf[6] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[5]
DATA['ChargeTypeCVolt'] = aReceiveBuf[8] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[7]
DATA['ChargeMicroVolt'] = aReceiveBuf[10] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[9]

DATA['BatTemperature'] = aReceiveBuf[12] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[11]
DATA['BatFullVolt'] = aReceiveBuf[14] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[13]
DATA['BatEmptyVolt'] = aReceiveBuf[16] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[15]
DATA['BatProtectVolt'] = aReceiveBuf[18] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[17]
DATA['SampleTime'] = aReceiveBuf[22] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[21]
DATA['AutoPowerOn'] = aReceiveBuf[24]

DATA['OnlineTime'] = aReceiveBuf[31] << 24 | aReceiveBuf[30] << 16 | aReceiveBuf[29] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[28]
DATA['FullTime'] = aReceiveBuf[35] << 24 | aReceiveBuf[34] << 16 | aReceiveBuf[33] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[32]
DATA['OneshotTime'] = aReceiveBuf[39] << 24 | aReceiveBuf[38] << 16 | aReceiveBuf[37] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[36]
DATA['Version'] = aReceiveBuf[41] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[40]

DATA['UID0'] = "%08X" % (aReceiveBuf[243] << 24 | aReceiveBuf[242] << 16 | aReceiveBuf[241] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[240])
DATA['UID1'] = "%08X" % (aReceiveBuf[247] << 24 | aReceiveBuf[246] << 16 | aReceiveBuf[245] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[244])
DATA['UID2'] = "%08X" % (aReceiveBuf[251] << 24 | aReceiveBuf[250] << 16 | aReceiveBuf[249] << 8 | aReceiveBuf[248])

print(DATA)
r = requests.post(FEED_URL, data=DATA)
print(r.text)
  • The execution frequency is recommended to be once a minute via crond service. You can edit crontab via:
 crontab -e

add following code:

* * * * * /usr/bin/python3 /home/pi/bin/upsPlus.py
* * * * * /usr/bin/python3 /home/pi/bin/upsPlus_iot.py

After saving it, check it via:

crontab -l 

How To Setup RTC

How To Estimate Battery Power

How To Adjust The Sampling Period

How To Monitor Battery Temperature

How To Enable UPS function

How To Configure Programmable Shutdown/Force Restart

FAQ

  • Q: Why does the battery light go off sometime and lights up in a while?
    • A: This is because the power chip performs battery re-sampling, and the purpose is that the data of inferior batteries is inaccurate during the sampling process.
  • Q: Why is the power cut off every once in a while?
    • A: Please check the battery charging current, the data discharge direction or the charging direction. If the load is too large, the charging may not be enough, which will cause this problem.
  • Q: What kind of wall charger should I use?
    • A: If the load is normal, it is recommended to use an ordinary 5V@2A charging head. If you need to carry a slightly higher load, it is recommended to use a fast charging source. We support FCP, AFC, SFCP protocols Fast charging source.
  • Q: Can I directly input 9V and 12V to the USB port?
    • A: No, if you must do this, you must remove the DP, DM and other related detection pins, and ensure that the power supply is stable.
  • Q: I heard howling, why is this?
    • A: Because of the no-load protection mechanism, the howling will disappear after the load is installed.

Keywords

  • UPS Plus, GeeekPi UPS V5, UPS for Raspberry Pi